Thank you ,
Rachel
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564
Results
Section:
Results
Section:
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Results
Section:
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P = 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at:
http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
Differences among the groups were statistically significant by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison test (P = 0.002 for SOM neuron number). No statistical group differences were found for age (P = 0.090), brain weight (P = 0.125), postmortem time (P= 0.738), fixation time (P = 0.065), or storage time (P
= 0.308). To further test whether the differences in the BSTc between
the groups were affected by possible confounding factors, such as
paraffin-embedded storage time of sections, fixation time, postmortem
time, or brain weight, an analysis of covariance was carried out. These
factors seemed to have no significant effect on the BSTc SOM neuron
numbers (P > 0.10).
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
The number of SOM neurons in the BSTc of heterosexual men (32.9 ± 3.0 × 103) was 71% higher than that in heterosexual women (19.2 ± 2.5 × 103) (P < 0.006), whereas the number of neurons in heterosexual and homosexual men (34.6 ± 3.4 × 103) was similar (P = 0.83). The BSTc number of neurons was 81% higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual women (P < 0.004). The number of neurons in the BSTc of male-to-female transsexuals was similar to that of females (19.6 ± 3.3 × 103) (P = 0.83) (see also Figs. 1 and 2). In addition, the neuron number of the FMT was clearly in the male range (see Fig. 1). The number of neurons in transsexuals was 40% lower than that found in the heterosexual reference males (P < 0.04; see the legend to Fig. 1) and 44% lower than that found in the homosexual males (P < 0.02). Including patients S2, S3, and S5 in the male group and S1, S6, and M2 in the female group or S7 in the transsexual group to increase the number of their respective gender groups enhanced the level of significance among the groups (P < 0.001 for SOM neuron number). There seemed to be no clear difference in the BSTc number of neurons between early onset (T2, T5, T6) and late-onset transsexuals (T1, T3), indicating that their smaller number of neurons is related to the gender identity per se rather than to the age at which it became apparent. No indication was found for a relationship between cause of death and BSTc neuron numbers. Analysis of the BSTc volumes showed a similar pattern of differences among the groups with heterosexual men having a BSTc volume of 4.60 ± 0.28 mm3, similar to that in homosexual men (5.00 ± 0.39 mm3) (P = 0.76). The BSTc volume of females (3.38 ± 0.41 mm3) and that of transsexuals (3.58 ± 0.19 mm3) did not differ either (P = 0.50). The volumes of all males, regardless of sexual orientation, vs. all females or vs. all genetic male transsexuals were statistically highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). The FMT had a BSTc volume in the male range (4.80 mm3).
- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/full/10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564#sthash.5OKpfRtK.dpuf
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